NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter-13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

 NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter-13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

1. Draw magnetic field around a bar magnet.

Solution : Magnetic field lines are as follows:

2. List the properties of magnetic lines of force.

Solution : Properties of magnetic field lines of force as follows:

(a.) Outside a magnet, the field lines are directed from N-pole of magnet towards S-pole and inside the magnet lines are directed form S-pole to N-pole.

(b.) Magnetic field lines are closed curves.

(c.) No two magnetic field lines intersect each other’s.

(d.) Relative strength of magnetic field lines is given by degree of closeness of the filed lines.

3. Why don’t two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?

Solution : No, two magnetic field lines can ever intersect each other. If they do, then it would mean that at the point of intersection there are two directions of magnetic field, which is not possible.

4. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current pass through the loop clockwise. Apply the right-hand rule to find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside the loop.

Solution : As per right-hand rule, we find that inside the loop, the magnetic field lines are directed perpendicular to the plane of paper in the inward direction. Outside the loop magnetic field lines are directed out of the plane paper.

5. The magnetic field in a given region is uniform. Draw a diagram to represent it.

Solution : The uniform magnetic field is represented by parallel equispaced lines of equal length as follows:

6. Choose the correct option:

The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid-carrying current

(a) Is zero.

(b) Decrease as we move towards its end.

(c) Increase as we move towards it end.

(d) Is the same all points.

Solution : (d) is the same at all points.

7. Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in a magnetic field?

(a) mass

(b) speed

(c) velocity

(d) momentum

Solution : (c), (d) Velocity as well as momentum will change.

8. In activity 13.7, how do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if (i) current is rod AB is increased, (ii) a stronger horse shoe magnet is used, and (iii) length of the rod AB is increased?

Solution : A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. The magnitude of force increases with the amount of current, strength of the magnetic field, and the length of the conductor. Hence, the magnetic force exerted on rod AB and its deflection will increase if
(i) current in rod AB is increased
(ii) a stronger horseshoe magnet is used
(iii) length of rod AB is increased

9. A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards west is deflected towards north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is :

(a) towards south

(b)towards east

(c) downward

(d) upward

Solution : (d) the direction of magnetic field is vertically upward.

10. State Fleming’s left-hand rule.

Solution : Fleming’s left hand rule states that stretch the forefinger, the central finger and the thumb of your left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the direction of the magnetic field and central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point towards the direction of motion of the conductor.

11. What is the principle of an electric motor?

Solution : An electric motor is based on the principle that the current carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. If the direction of the magnetic field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular then the direction of the force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

12. What is the role of the split ring in an electric motor?

Solution : In electric motor, the split ring acts as commutator. Due to its action, the direction of current flowing in motor coil reverses after half turn, giving rise to a continuous rotation of the coil and the axle.

13. Explain different ways to induce current in a coil.

Solution : Different ways to induce current in a coil are as follows:

(a) If a magnetic field is changed around a coil then an induced current is set up in the coil.

(b) If a coil is moved in magnetic field, then again an induced current is set up in the coil.

(c) If a coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field.

14. State the principle of an electric generator.

Solution : An electric generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a rectangular coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field, an induced emf is generated between the ends of the coil.

15. Name some sources of direct current.

Solution : Some sources of direct current are a cell, a battery and a D.C. generator.

16. Which sources produce alternating current?

Solution : A.C. generator and common inverter used in houses for emergency power supply produce alternating current.

17. Choose the correct option:

A rectangular coil of copper wires is rotated in a magnetic field. The direction of the induced current changes once in each

(a) two revolutions

(b) one revolution

(c) half revolution

(d) one-fourth revolution

Solution : (c) half-rotation.

18. Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances.

Solution : Two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances are as follows:
(i) Each circuit must be connected with an electric fuse. This prevents the flow of excessive current through the circuit. When the current passing through the wire exceeds the maximum limit of the fuse element, the fuse melts to stop the flow of current through that circuit, hence protecting the appliances connected to the circuit.
(ii) Earthing is a must to prevent electric shocks. Any leakage of current in an electric appliance is transferred to the ground and people using the appliance do not get the shock.

19. An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220V) that has a current rating of 5.A. What result do you expect? Explain.

Solution :

Power rating of electric oven (P) = 2 kW = 2000 W

Current drawn (I) = P/V = 2000/220 = 9.09 A.

As the current rating of domestic electric circuit is only 5A the oven draws a current of 9.09 A. Which is more than the current rating; hence the circuit will be damaged due to overheating / overloading.

20. What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuit?

Solution : We should take following precaution to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuit:

(a) Two separate circuits should be used, one of 5A current rating of bulbs, fans, tubes etc. and the other 15 A current rating for appliances with higher current rating such as geysers, air coolers, electric iron, electric stoves etc.

(b) Too many appliances should never be connected to a single socket.

(c) A fuse of appropriate current rating should be used with the electric circuit.

21. Which one of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight wire?

(a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire.

(b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire

(c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire

(d) The field consists of concentric circles centered on the wire

Solution : (d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire.

22. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is

(a) the process of charging a body.

(b) the process of generating magnetic field due to a current passing through a coil.

(c) producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil.

(d) the process of rotating a coil at an electric motor.

Solution : (c) producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil.

23. The device used for producing electric current is called

(a) generator

(b) galvanometer

(c) ammeter

(d) motor

Solution : (a) generator

24. The essential difference between A.C. generator and a D.C. generator is that

(a) A.C. generator has an electromagnet while a D.C. generator has permanent magnet.

(b) D.C. generator will generate a higher voltage

(c) A.C. generator will generate a higher voltage

(d) A.C. generator has slip rings while the D.C. generator has commutator.

Solution : (d) A.C. generator has slip rings while the D.C. generator has commutator.

25. At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit:

(a) reduce substantially

(b) does not change

(c) increase heavily

(d) vary continuously

Solution : (c) increase heavily

26. State whether the following statements are true or false.

(a) An electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

(b) An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

(c) The field at the centre of a long circular coil carrying current will be parallel straight line

(d) A wire with green insulation is usually the live wire of an electric supply.

Solution :

(a) False

(b) True

(c) True

(d) False

27. List three methods of producing magnetic field.

Solution : Three methods of producing magnetic fields are as follows:

(a) Magnetic field can be produced by placing a permanent magnet or a horse-shoe magnet at the place, where magnetic field is required.

(b) Magnetic field is produced around a current carrying straight conductor or a current carrying coil.

(c) A very good method to produce magnetic field is due to flow of current in a solenoid.

28. How does a solenoid behave like a magnet? Can you determine the north and south poles of a current carrying solenoid with the help of a bar magnet? Explain.

Solution : When current is passed through a solenoid coil, magnetic field is produced due to presence of turns in same direction. As a result, the resultant magnetic field is very strong and uniform. Solenoid behaves like a strong bar magnet. We can determine the poles of magnet formed by solenoid. The end of solenoid connectd with positive terminal behaves like South Pole and the end connected with negative terminal behaves as North Pole.

29. When is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in magnetic field largest?

Solution : The force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is largest when the conductor is placed with its length in a direction perpendicular to that of magnetic field.

30. Imagine that you are sitting in chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam, moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?

Solution : An electron beam moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall is equivalent to a current flowing in the opposite direction. The deflection of electron beam as seen by the observer is to his right side. On applying Fleming’s left-hand rule we find that the magnetic field is acting in vertically downward direction.

31. Draw a labelled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of split ring in an electric motor?

Solution : Electric motor labelled diagram of an electric motor is as follows:

Principle : A current-carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force. If the direction of magnetic field and that of current are mutually perpendicular, then force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be the given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. Due to this force the conductor begins to move, if it is free to rotate.
Working : Let the current in the coil ABCD of motor enters from the source battery through the conducting brush X, flow along ABCD and finally flows back to the battery through brush Y. On applying Fleming’s left-hand rule we find that force acting on arm AB due to magnetic field pushes it downwards. But the force acting on arm CD pushes it upwards. Thus, the coil and the axle rotate anticlockwise. Due to action of split rings P and Q change their contacts with brushes. Now, P makes contact with Y and Q with X. As a result, Current begins to flow in coil along DCBA. The arms are pushed in opposite direction and coil continues to rotate in same direction.

32. Name some devices in which electric motors are used.

Solution : Electric motors are used in all devices where we want to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. In our houses, electric motors, coolers, mixer grinders, washing machines, computers etc motor is used.

33. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar magnet is (i) pushed into the coil. (ii) withdrawn from inside the coil (iii) held stationary inside the coil?

Solution :

(i) When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil of insulated copper wire connected to a galvanometer, galvanometer gives a deflection towards left.

(ii) When the bar magnet is withdrawn from inside the coil, again an induced current is set in coil that deflect the galvanometer towards right.

(iii) If the bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, then no induced current is set and galvanometer does not show any deflection.

34. Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.

Solution :

Yes, a current is induced in the coil B.

When the current in the coil A is changed, the magnetic field associated with it also changes. As coil B is placed close to A, hence magnetic field lines around this coil also change. Due to change in magnetic field lines associated with coil B, an induced current is also induced in it.

35. State the rule to determine the direction of a (i) magnetic field produced around a straight current carrying conductor (ii) force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor (iii) current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.

Solution :

(i) To know the direction of magnetic field produced around a straight conductor we make use “Right hand thumb Rule”.

(ii) To find the direction of force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field we make use “Fleming’s left hand rule”.

(iii) For finding the direction of current induced in a coil we use “Fleming’s right hand rule”.

36. Explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram. What is the function of brushes?

Solution : Electric generator labelled diagram is as follows:

Fig.

Principle: An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction phenomenon. According to it, whenever a coil is rotate between the poles of a magnet, an induced current is set up in the coil, whose direction is given by Fleming's right hand rule.

Working: Let in the beginnings,as shown in the Fig. brushes B1 and B2 are kept pressed separately on rings R1 and R2 respectively. Let the axle attached to the rings is rotated such that arm AB of the coil moves up and arm CD moves down in the magnetic field. Due to rotation of arms AB and CD induced current are set up in them. As per Fleming’s right hand rule, induced current in these arms along the directions AB and CD.Thus an induced current flows along the direction ABCD and current into external circuit flows from B2 to B1.

After half rotation, arm AB moves downward and arms CD upward to change the direction opposite to first case. Thus, after every half rotation current changes its direction and an alternate current is obtained in the generator.

Brushes are kept pressed on the two slip rings separately. Outer ends of the brushes are connected to the galvanometer. Thus, brushes help in transferring current from the coil ABCD to external circuit.

 

37. When does an electric short circuit occurs?

Solution : If the resistance of an electric circuit becomes very low, then the current flowing through the circuit becomes very high. This is caused by connecting too many appliances to a single socket or connecting high power rating appliances to the light circuits. This results in a short circuit. When the insulation of live and neutral wires undergoes wear and tear and then touches each other, the current flowing in the circuit increases abruptly. Hence, a short circuit occurs.

38. What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic appliances?

Solution : The earth wires functions as a safety measure, especially for those appliances that have a metallic body, like heater, electric, press, room cooler etc.
The metallic body of the appliance is connected to the earth wire, which provides a low resistance conducting path for electric current. It ensures that any leakage of current to the metallic body of an appliance keeps it potential same as of earth. As a result, the user would not get severe electric shock, even if he touches the body of appliance.

 

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