Vital Sign

 Also called cardinal signs that reflects the body’s physiologic status. 

-Temperature- normal range are 37 degree C or 98.6 degree F

-Pulse – 72 b /min.

-Respiration- 16-20 b/min

-Blood Pressure. 120/80 mm hg

-Oxygen Saturation -100%

-Pain Assessment

(Rating Scale)-(0-10)

TEMPRATURE

Fever when body temp. more than 37.2 degree C called fever.

Body temp.= Heat production-heat loss (thermogenesis)-Thermolysis.

Controlled by Hypothalamus.

- Set - Point

- In -Increased temperature – 

Vasodilatation & sweating and hence decreased temp. caused body temp.increase.

⦁ In-decreased temperature vaso constriction shivering  

⦁ Thermogenesis, 

Also called (Heat production)  

⦁ Thermolysis- (Heat lysis)

Heat production by metabolism of food

              1 gm Carbohydrates - 4 kalory 

              1 gm – Protein         4 Kalory

              1 gm - Fat         9 Kalory

(NST process- neonate produce heat.

Q. Why preterm baby are prone to silent killer disease?

1. Radiation-  

             Radiation is the transfer of heat b/w two object without physical contact.

       Greatest heat loss up to 80%(60-80%) by this mech.(color object रखा होता है )

2.conduction- conduction is the transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

3. Convection – it is transfer of heat away by air movement Eg- electric fan 

4. Evaboration – it is the transfer of heat when substance change their medium Eg- Solid   Liquid    Gas

Fever- 

Fever- Work act as defense mechanism : in our body 

⦁ Continuous constant fever, decrease the concentration of Fe(iron) in blood plasma & since decrease the growth of bacteria.

⦁ Constant fever, stimulate the WBC           phagocytosis         bacteria ख़त्म हो जाती है

⦁ Fever also fight viral infection by stimulation “interferone “ which is a viral fighting substance.

⦁ FUO- Fever of unknown origin 

Hyperthermia –Body temp. continue cleration & heat loss mech. Disturbed 

EG- Heat stroke- it is dangerous medical emergency in which body temp. continuous elevation- Body unable to promote heat loss

S/S- 

⦁ Confusion  

⦁ Coma 

⦁ Muscle cramps

⦁ Nausea

⦁ Excessive thirst ( Early Sign )

Classification – 

⦁ Low Pyrexia- 99-100 degree F

⦁ Moderate  pyrexia -100-103 degree F

⦁ High pyrexia -103-105 degree F

⦁ Hyper pyrexia- >105 degree F.

Hypothermia- 

⦁ Body unable to heat production

⦁ Continue heat loss.

Sign-

⦁ Loss of memory

⦁ Depression

⦁ Uncontrolled shivering

⦁ If 34 C से body temp कम जा रहा है तो B.P. heart & respiratory problem should be occur .

Classification-

⦁ Mild – 34-36.9 C

⦁ Moderate – 30-33.9 C

⦁ Severe-<C

Type of fever- 

1,. Hectic or Swinging fever- 

जब Temp. के max. और mini. Time के बीच बहुत ज्यादा difference  हो जाये .

ये per 24 hour count  होता है

2 inverse fever. - 

Normally- Evg.temp> mng.temp.

⦁ But in inverse- Fever –Mng temp> Evg. Temp.

3. Crisis-Two type(high temp. वाले fever का कुछ समय  बाद कम हो जाना)

A) True crisis- in this Bt decrease & Pt.Condition is improve.

B) False crisis- in this BT decrease but also condition of patient is not improve .this is medical emergency.

4. Lysis-( Zig-Zag manner).

In this zig-zag manner temp. is lysis.

1.Constant fever- (2-3 C) इसमें BT 38 degree C से ऊपर बना रहता है लेकिन Mng & evg temp decrease 

2. 3 degree c से अधिक अंतर नही पाया जाता

3. Remitent Fever- [Spikes(spiky hair) & falls fever]

In this fever mng. &evg. Temp. difference is more than 2-3 C but in evg. Time does not return to normal condition.

⦁ Intermittent or quotidian fever- in this BT is decrease & return to normal acceptable range with in 24 hour.

⦁ Opposite of constent fever- Remitant fever

⦁ Rectal thermometer insertion point-

⦁ Adult -3.5 cm( 1.5 inch)

⦁ Infant-1.2 cm (0.5 inch)

⦁ Direction – introduction into rectum towards the umbilicus.

Temperature- Axilla- 97.6 F (5 min) 

             Oral 98.6 F (2min)

             Rectal – 99.6 F

⦁ Thermometer-

⦁ Tymponic membrane thermometer- (Core temperature)

⦁ Most accurate method (2.5 sec)

⦁ 1/3 part insert.

⦁ Most reliable method – Rectal method 

⦁ Mercury (Hg)- 

⦁ Boling point 35.7 C

⦁ Freezing point 39 F

Mercury is 13.5 time heavier than water.

⦁ If client take hot & cold liquid & cigratte smoke wt.for 20 mins for measuring temp. 

Heat loss by Radiation – Maximum heat loss up to 80% Conduction Convection Evaporation 

Normal tem – 37 c or 98.6 F.

37.2 c – indicate- fever

Types of body tem.

Core tem – Oral – Rectum 

Surface – Axilla 

Low Pyrexia – 99 – 100 f (37.2 – 37.8 c)

Moderate – Pyrexia – 100 – 100.3 F (37.8 c- 39.4c)

High Pyrexia - 103 – 105 F

Hyperpyrexia – Above 105 F.

Hypothermia -

Mild - 34 c – 36 c

Moderate - 30 c – 34 c

Severe – 30 c below 

Pulse - Blood flow through body is continuous circuit electric- impulses from – SA Node – travel through heart muscle – to stimulate- cardiac – contraction. 

Approx- 60-70 Ml of blood enters the aorta with each – contraction 9 (SV)

Pulse feels like- a tap- when palpating an artery lightly against underlying bone or muscle