Introduction and normal value RBC also known as erythrocytes. The red color of the RBC is due to presence of hemoglobin. RBCs count ranges 4-5.5 millions/ cu.mm in adult male. In adult female it ranges is 4.5 million/cu.mm.
Normal structure:-
RBC is non-nucleated so, DNA is absent. Mitochondria also absent in RBC. The energy is produce by glycolytic process.
Variations in number of RBC:- Increase in the RBC count is known as polycythemia. it occur in both physiological and pathological condition.
Physiological Polycythemia
(1) Age:- at birth the rbc count is 8-10 millions/cu.mm of blood the count decrease within 10 days after birth due to destruction of rbc causing physiological jaundice in infants.
(2) Sex:- before puberty and after menopause in females the rbc count similar to in males. During reproductive period of females the count is less than the in males
(3) High altitude:- Increase RBC
(4) Muscular exercise:- increase RBC count
(5)During sleeping:- RBC count decreases slightly during sleeping
(6) Pregnancy:- in pregnancy the RBC count increase
Pathological variations:-
⦁ Abnormal increase in the RBC count is called pathological polycythemia.polycythemia is
2-types :-
⦁ (a) Primarypolycythemia / polycythemiavera:-polycythemiavera occur in malignancy of red bone marrow.
⦁ (b) Secondary polycythemia:-such disease like-
⦁ Respiratory disorder like-emphysema
⦁ Congenital heart disease
Life span of RBCS :- Average life span of rbc is 120 days
the spleen is called graveyard of RBCs.
Functions of RBCS
⦁ Transport of oxygen from lungs to tissue
⦁ Transport carbon dioxide from the tissue to lungs
⦁ Buffering action in the blood
In blood group determination:-RBCs surface has blood group antigen A,B,&Rh which helps in determination of blood group
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