FUNDAMENTAL OF REPRODUCTION

 GAMETOGENESIS:-

Formation Of Spermatozoa  In Male And Ovum In Female Is Called Gametogenesis.

OOGENESIS:-

Formation Of Ovum In Female.

PROCESSS OF DEVELOP OF MATURE OVUM:-

Yolk Sac

   ↓(At the end Of 3rd week)

Primitive(Primordial germ cell)

   ↓ At the end Of 4th week 

Enter to developing gonadal ridges(Ovary 6 To8 Week)

    ↓

Oogonis(20 Weeks) (5-7 Millions)

    ↓

Primary  Oocyte (At Birth - 2 Million)

    ↓ (Arrest in Prophase)

Primary Oocyte(At Puberty - 400000)

(44+xx)

1st Meiotic Division

(22+X) Secondary  oocyte 1 Polar Body(22+X)

            2nd meiotic Division (Arrest In Metaphase) at the time of fertilization

         Ovum 2nd (Polar Body)

(22+X)          (22+X)

NOTE:- 1st meiotic devision is completed after puberty just prior to ovulation.

⦁ At birth there is no more meiotic devision all the oogonia are replaced by primary oocyte

⦁ Resting phase - prophase

⦁ Purpose of oocyte maturation - half chromosomes.

STRUCTURE OF MATURE OVUM:-

⦁ Ovum is largest cell in the body.

⦁ Size 130 micron in diameter.

⦁ Around in ovum membrane is vitelline membrane.

⦁ Zona pellucids is made by mucoprotein.

⦁ Outer most layer is granuloa cell called caronsradista.

SPERMETOGENSIS:-

process of development of spermatozoa

  germ cell

     ↓ mitosis

spermatogonia (44+xy)

     ↓enlarge, mature

primary spermato cyte (44+xy)

1st meiotic Division

(22+x) (22+y) secondary spermatocyte

↓ 2nd mecotic Denison

(22+x)       ( 22+x) (22+y) (22+y)

↓ undergo transformation called as spermiogesis sperms

SPECIAL POINTS:-

⦁ The developmental process from sperms to gonism to spermatogonium  take about 61 days .

⦁ Primary spermatocyte remain in the stage of prophase of first meiotic division for 16 days .

⦁ Activation of acrosomal membranes cause release of hyaluronidase, hydrolytic enzgmeproacrosin acrosin enzyme

Sperm dh enn ls Ovum ds Zons Pellucida  dks hksndj vunj izos'k es enn feyrh gsaa(Enter In Ovum With Capacitation)

STRUCTURE:-