BLOOD

 Introduction – blood is a connective tissue.

 It considered as the fluid of life,It is known as fluid of growth, It also called the fluid of health

Properties of blood:- 

1. Colorblood is red in color. Arterial blood is scarlet red and venous blood is purple red 

2. Volume average man has 5-6 liter blood volume. This is about 7-8 % of total body weight. 

3. Blood ph slightly alkaline 7.35-7.45 

4. Viscosity blood five times more viscous than water 

Composition of blood blood contains the blood cells which are called formed elements (45%) and liquid protein is called plasma (55%).

Blood cells which present in blood are 3 types:– 

1. Red blood cells (RBC)/ Erythrocytes.

2. White blood cells (WBC)/ leukocytes.

3. Platelets or thrombocytes. 

Hematocrit value :- blood is collected with anticoagulant and centrifuged for 30 minutes at the speed 3000 RPM (Revolution per minute) the RBC settle down in bottom having a clear plasma at the top.

Hematocrit  value is = 45% 

Function of blood –

1. Nutrient function

2. Respiratory function

3. Excretory function

4. Regulation of acid base balance

5. Defensive function

Plasma protein: - 3 types of plasma protein 

1. Serum albumin – 4.7 gm % is normal value.

2. Serum globulin – 2.3 gm % 

3. Fibrinogen – 0.3 gm % 

Albumin/ globulinratio: - normal albumin/globulin ratio is = 2:1 

Serum when blood collect in a container the coagulation occur in this process the fibrinogen is converted into fibrin and other cells trapped in this fibrin. After some time straw color fluid oozes this fluid is called serum.

Serum = plasma – fibrinogen 

Note – serum contain all the other substance of plasma except fibrinogen.